Narration|Direct and Indirect|Speech|English

Direct and indirect Narration lesson English 

Narration

Narration

Transformation of the original sentence in to one’s own words without changing its sense

Direct      indirect Narration (speech)

Change – Narration

Reporting speech

دینے والا

Reporting

بیان

Narration

Narration بیان کرنا

Speak

Speech بولنا

Transformation of the original sentence in to one’s own words without changing its sense

He say, “ I am ill

وہ کہتا ہے، میں بیمار ہوں

He says, “ that  she is ill

وہ کہتا کہ وہ بیمار ہے۔

Direct and Indirect Narration

 Changes

1-    Changing of pronoun  

2-    Changing of adverb of time

1-    Changing of pronouns

Me - I

Us – we

You – you

Him – he

Her – she

It – it

Them – they

2-     Changing of adverbs of time

Today – that day

Tomorrow – next day

Yesterday – previous day

This – that

These – those

Now – then

Here – there

This year – that year

Present tense – past tense

Present con- pas con

Present perf – past perfe

Past simple – past perf

Shall – should

Will – would

Can – could

May – might

Ago – before

1-    Assertive sentences

2-    Interrogative sentences

3-    Imperative sentences

4-    Exclamatory sentences

5-    Operative sentences

Narration

1 Assertive sentence

1-    Present to present

2-    Present to future

3-    Past to present

4-    Past to indefinite to future

5-    Past to past

1-    Present to present

Reporting                                               Reported  

 Direct = he says to me, “ you can not run fast 

“

Indirect = He says to me that I can not run fast

 کس نے بولا، کس کو بولا، اور کیا بولا

I , we , you    ان میں تبدیلی ہوگی۔

2-    Present to Future

Direct = Aman says to us, “ I shall meet you at station “

امان کہتا ہے ہمیں، میں آپ سے اسٹیشن پر ملوں گا۔

Indirect = Aman says to us that he will meet us at station

امان کہتا ہے ہمیں کہ وہ اسٹیشن پر ملے گا۔

3-     Past to present

Reporting

D/ She said to me, “ I make a cup of tea”

اس نے مچھ سے کہا میں ایک کپ چائ بناتی ہوں۔

Ind / She said to that she made a cup of tea.

 اس نے مجھ سے کہا وہ ایک کپ چائ بنائ

 He said to them, “ I can not speak English

He said to them that he could not speak English

4-    Past to future

He said to us, “ you will have to work hard”

 اس نے کہا ہم سے آپ کو سخت محنت کرنی ہوگی

He said to us that we would have to work hard

 اس نے ہم سے کہا کہ ہمیں ہم سخت محنت کرتے

They said to me that they would play cricket

They said to me that they would play cricket

5-    Past to past 

D/ He said to me, “ I helped my friend yesterday “

اس نے مجھ سے کہا میں نے اپنے دوست کی کل مد کی۔

Ind / He said to me that he had helped his friend previous day.

اس نے مجھ سے کہا کہ اس نے اپنی دوست کی مدد کی

2- Imperative sentences

(Infinitive verb)

Reporting

 He said to me “ work hard “

He advised me to work hard

اس نے مجھ سےکہا سخت محنت کرو

اس نے مجھے مشورہ دیا سخت محنت کرو۔

He said to us “ Do not tell a  lie”

He forbade us to tell a lie.

Mods of imperative

Order   permit

Request   ask

Suggestion

Advice

Allow

Forbid   

 

Worm

3-    Interrogative Sentences ( ask )

 Wh- Question “interrogative pronouns / Adjective

Assertive interrogative ( To, be verb )

D/ He said to me, “ When did you apply for the job”

Ind / He asked me when I applied for the job “

اس نے مجھ سے کہا آپ نے کب اپلاۓ کیا جوب کے لیے۔

اس نے مجھ سے کہا میں نے جوب کے لیے کب اپلاۓ کیا۔

He says to me, “when have you seen in Lahore “?

He says to me what I have seen in Lahore .

4-    Exclamatory

Dir/ he said “ Alas ! I am ruined “

اس نے کہاں افسوس میں تباہ ہوگیا،

Ind/ He exclaimed with regret that he was ruined.

اس نے افسوس کے ساتھ کہا وہ تباہ ہوگیا۔

 D/ They said “ Hurrah! We have won the match “

Ind/ They exclaimed with joy that they had won

Indirect

 Exclaimed with joy

Exclaimed with sorrow

Exclaimed with happened

Exclaimed with regret

Operative sentences دعائیہ       

1-    May   اللہ کرے  pray

2-    Would that کاش   wished

D/ He said to “ may you become CSP officers”

ind/ he prayed me that I might become CPS officers

ind/ They said to us “would that we were engineers”

D/ They wished that they had been engineers.

                           

Direct passive

Rights must given.

Dead bodies should have been buried.

Iran is to be targeted.

Facilities were to given.

Hardship have to be faced.

The job opportunities will have to be provided.

Haj is about to be performed

.

The poor are able to helped.

Prince were able to be controlled.

مردوں کو دفن کرنا چاہیے تھا۔

اران کو نشانا بنا نا ہے

صحولتیں دینی تھی

مشکل کا سامنا کرنا پڑتا ہے

نوکری کے موقعہ دینے ہونگے

حج ادا ہونے والا ہے

غریب مدد کے قابل ہے

قسمت کنٹرول کے قابل تھی